The emergence and decline of the Byzantine and Ottoman empires, which laid much of the framework for the region to move into the modern era, is covered in depth. The confluence of events that produced civilized society is fully discussed, along with the establishment of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This detailed history covers the Middle East from its ancient beginnings to the present. As the cradle of western civilization, it is fundamental to world history, the place where humans transformed themselves from nomadic hunters to settled farmers capable of building great cities and societies. Friedman As the birthplace of three principal religions, the Middle East is holy to 15 million Jews, 2 billion Christians, and 1 billion Muslims. The Arab Spring by Lynn Zott (Editor) What caused the Arab Spring? The Arab Spring was triggered by a desire for democracy and social justice / The Arab Spring is more of a power grab than a democratic awakening / Social media ignited the Arab Spring / Social media did not cause the Arab Spring / Corrupt economic policies were the driving force behind the Arab Spring / Education played a key role in the Arab Spring How should the international community respond to the Arab Spring? The international community must strengthen anticorruption efforts in the Arab world / The international community should foster democratic principles in the Arab world / The international community should apply universal human rights standards to the Arab Spring / The international community should launch an Arab Marshall plan / The International community should have intervened in Libya / The international community should not have intervened in Libya How should the United States respond to the Arab Spring? The United States should support democratic movements in the Middle East / The United States should not continue to support Middle East dictators / The United States should refrain from intervening in the Middle East / The United States needs to make aid to Arab countries conditional / The United States should better prepare for political upheaval in the Middle East What are the social and political effects of the Arab Spring? The Arab Spring has destabilized the Middle East / The Arab Spring provides an opportunity for Islamists and secularists to forge peace / The Arab Spring has ushered in religious intolerance and persecution / The Arab Spring complicates the Palestinian peace process / The Arab Spring makes al Qaeda less relevant / Gays in Egypt, Tunisia worry about post-revolt eraĪ History of the Middle East by Saul S. The result is a hair- raising, 360-degree view of the modern battlefield its consequent humanitarian catastrophe, and the reality of counterinsurgency. He also tells the story of what happened to these militias once they outlived their usefulness to the Americans.Īftermath is both a unique personal history and an unsparing account of what America has wrought in Iraq and the region. troops on the ground, the Iraqi security forces, Shiite militias and Sunni insurgents that were both allies and adversaries. Rosen offers a seminal and provocative account of the surge, told from the perspective of U.S. Moreover, he shows that the spread of violence at the street level is often the consequence of specific policies hatched in Washington, D.C. He shows how weapons, tactics, and sectarian ideas from the civil war in Iraq penetrated neighboring countries and threatened their stability, especially Lebanon and Jordan, where new jihadist groups mushroomed. Rosen was one of the few Westerners to venture inside the mosques of Baghdad to witness the first stirrings of sectarian hatred in the months after the U.S. war on terror, traveling from the battle-scarred streets of Baghdad to the alleys, villages, refugee camps, mosques, and killing grounds of Jordan, Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, and finally Afghanistan, where Rosen has a terrifying encounter with the Taliban as their "guest," and witnesses the new Obama surge fizzling in southern Afghanistan. In Aftermath, he tells their story, showing the other side of the U.S. Rosen-who the Weekly Standard once bitterly complained has "great access to the Baathists and jihadists who make up the Iraqi insurgency"- has spent nearly a decade among warriors and militants who have been challenging American power in the Muslim world. invasion of Iraq and the ensuing civil war have unleashed in the Muslim world. Aftermath: following the bloodshed of America's wars in the Muslim world by Nir Rosen Nir Rosen's Aftermath, an extraordinary feat of reporting, follows the contagious spread of radicalism and sectarian violence that the U.S.
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